The Sense of the Past (ebook)

Argumento de The Sense of the Past (ebook)

Before his death in 2003, Bernard Williams planned to publish a collection of historical essays, focusing primarily on the ancient world. This posthumous volume brings together a much wider selection, written over some forty years. His legacy lives on in this masterful work, the first collection ever published of Williams's essays on the history of philosophy. The subjects range from the sixth century B.C. to the twentieth A.D., from Homer to Wittgenstein by way of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Hume, Sidgwick, Collingwood, and Nietzsche. Often one would be hard put to say which part is history, which philosophy. Both are involved throughout, because this is the history of philosophy written philosophically. Historical exposition goes hand in hand with philosophical scrutiny. Insights into the past counteract blind acceptance of present assumptions.

In his touching and illuminating introduction, Myles Burnyeat writes of these essays: "They show a depth of commitment to the history of philosophy seldom to be found nowadays in a thinker so prominent on the contemporary philosophical scene."

The result celebrates the interest and importance to philosophy today of its near and distant past.

The Sense of the Past is one of three collections of essays by Bernard Williams published by Princeton University Press since his death. In the Beginning Was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument, selected, edited, and with an introduction by Geoffrey Hawthorn, and Philosophy as a Humanistic Discipline, selected, edited, and with an introduction by A. W. Moore, make up the trio.

"Bernard Williams' contribution to philosophy is timeless. He has a voice that is both distinctively of our time and a reminder that the past can still be brought alive philosophically. Williams' belief in the importance of history to philosophy is readily apparent in this collection. If for no other reason, readers of philosophy should value this book highly."--Peter Johnson, European Legacy

Bernard Williams was Knightbridge Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge (1967-1979) and Provost of King’s College. He held the Monroe Deutsch Professorship of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley (1998-2000) and was White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford (1990-2003). He was Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford until his death in 2003. Myles Burnyeat is Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy, All Souls College, Oxford. His books include The 'Theaetetus' of Plato (Hackett, 1990) and A Map of Metaphysics Zeta (Mathesis Publications, 2001).

"These discussions combine incisive authority and even a touch of technicality with Bernard Williams's characteristically urbane wit. A great intellectual wealth in which philosophy is made to show us how it thinks about philosophy."--George Steiner, Times Literary Supplement

"The sheer variety of Williams's historical interests and the spontaneity with which he displays them give this collection a sense of vigor and dialectical fun that are characteristic of its author."--Nicholas White, Ethics

"It is pleasing to have many of Williams' previously published meditations on Plato's thought--including those dealing with Plato's construction of intrinsic goodness, the analogy of city and soul in the Republic, and an introduction to the Theaetetus dialogue--gathered together in one place. . . . [T]his book represents an appropriate tribute to a philosopher of rare talents."--Jonathan Wright, Heythrop Journal

"It is difficult to imagine a better collection. The essays on Greek thought and literature, Plato, and Aristotle would make up a distinguished volume in their own right and, together with Williams's essays on Descartes, Hume, Nietzsche, and Collingwood (several of them unpublished until now), they constitute a work I can only describe as an idiosyncratic landmark. What could be more valuable than to see how, in the hands of one of the most important philosophers in recent years, all these philosophers and the questions they ask can illuminate one another?"--Alexander Nehamas, Princeton University

"Philosophical activity, when it comes alive, is precious. This brilliant and captivating book is philosophy alive in its history."--Jonathan Lear, The University of Chicago

"Williams attempts to make strange what is familiar in our assumptions, and he admirably succeeds in this task. . . . The Sense the of the Past is an excellent contribution to the field, and deserves a wide audience."--Basil Smith, Review of Metaphysics0Preface by Patricia Williams ix
Introduction by Myles Burnyeat xiii

Greek: General

Chapter One: The Legacy of Greek Philosophy 3
Chapter Two: The Women of Trachis: Fictions, Pessimism, Ethics 49
Chapter Three: Understanding Homer: Literature, History and Ideal Anthropology 60

Socrates and Plato

Chapter Four: Pagan Justice and Christian Love 71
Chapter Five: Introduction to Plato's Theaetetus 83
Chapter Six: Plato against the Immoralist 97
Chapter Seven: The Analogy of City and Soul in Plato's Republic 108
Chapter Eight: Plato's Construction of Intrinsic Goodness 118
Chapter Nine: Cratylus' Theory of Names and Its Refutation 138
Chapter Ten: Plato: The Invention of Philosophy 148

Aristotle

Chapter Eleven: Acting as the Virtuous Person Acts 189
Chapter Twelve: Aristotle on the Good: A Formal Sketch 198
Chapter Thirteen: Justice as a Virtue 207
Chapter Fourteen: Hylomorphism 218

Descartes

Chapter Fifteen: Descartes' Use of Scepticism 231
Chapter Sixteen: Introductory Essay on Descartes' Meditations 246
Chapter Seventeen: Descartes and the Historiography of Philosophy 257

Hume

Chapter Eighteen: Hume on Religion 267

Sidgwick

Chapter Nineteen: The Point of View of the Universe: Sidgwick and the Ambitions of Ethics 277

Nietzsche Chapter Twenty: Nietzsche's Minimalist Moral Psychology 299
Chapter Twenty-One: Introduction to The Gay Science 311
Chapter Twenty-Two: "There are many kinds of eyes" 325
Chapter Twenty-Three: Unbearable Suffering 331

R. G. Collingwood

Chapter Twenty-Four: An Essay on Collingwood 341

Wittgenstein

Chapter Twenty-Five: Wittgenstein and Idealism 361
Bernard Williams: Complete Philosophical Publications 381