The Color of School Reform (ebook)

Argumento de The Color of School Reform (ebook)

Winner of the 2000 Best Book Award, Urban Politics Section of the American Political Science Association

"[The authors] have plainly done their homework. They have reviewed thousands of news clips and official reports, conducted scores of interviews and surveyed a wide array of influential actors. . . . Although the authors are plainly sympathetic to the aspirations of the reformers, they have checked their dreams at the door. That they do not shy away from telling inconvenient truths . . . gives them greater credence to their account."--David L. Kirp, The Nation

"This substantial volume does not leave the reader with great optimism. Rather, The Color of School Reform extends our understanding of the roots of urban school failure and broadens our focus on the political and social requisites for successful reform. At this stage of the big city school wars, that's a more important contribution."--Michael F. Addonizio, Qualitative Studies in Education

"Written with passion for its subject but cool in its analysis, The Color of School Reform is a much-needed comparative urban study. The authors demonstrate deep knowledge of their four cities, but rather than giving us simply a series of case studies, they organize their findings according to particular types of actors. This analytically more elegant structure facilitates our understanding of how school personnel, community activists, elected officials, and corporate leaders contribute to--or inhibit--the development of civic capacity. The use of theories drawn from a variety of fields makes this book accessible to a wide range of social scientists."--Jennifer Hochschild, Harvard University

"Works on school reform that centralize the race variable are rare. Bringing together an unparalleled data set and a series of face-to-face interviews, The Color of School Reform generates new findings, rich insights, a powerful interpretation, and very wise policy recommendations. It is an interesting and intriguing, if not captivating, piece of scholarship."--Hanes Walton, Jr., University of Michigan0List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Chapter One Civic Capacity, Race, and Education in Black-Led Cities 3
The Challenge of Urban Education 9
Reforms That Go Nowhere 12
Civic Capacity: Organizing Communities to Get Things Done 14
A Tough Task: Why Human Development May Be More Difficult than Economic Development 15
Competing Views of Race and School Politics 17
Research Design 22
The Plan of the Book 26
Chapter Two Racial Change and the Politics of Transition 30
Patterns of Racial Turnover in Atlanta, Baltimore, Detroit, and D.C. 31
Racial Transition and Political Change: The Rise of Black Political Power 33
Managing School Desegregation 41
Political Compromise and Transition: The Evolution of Black-led School Districts 50
The Political Landscape in Black-Led Cities: From Formal to Informal Power 55
Conclusion: Historical Legacies and Racial Politics 61
Chapter Three The Elusiveness of Education Reform 63
The Condition of Education: Poor Performance and Even Poorer Conditions 65
Local Problem Definitions: A Favorable Foundation for Reform 71
An Array of Reform Efforts 74
The Frustration of Reform 82
Why Is Reform So Difficult? 113
Chapter Four Race and the Political Economy of Big-City Schools: Teachers and Preachers 115
Race, jobs, and Politics 118
Unions and Reform 127
Black Ministers and School Affairs: 1960-1980 137
Reform with Teachers and jobs in Mind 152
Chapter Five Parental and Community Participation in Education Reform 155
What Kind of Participation and on Whose Terms? 158
Patterns of Participation in Black-Led Cities 164
The Dog That Hasn't Barked: Accounting for the Absence of a Stronger Community-Based Movement 189
Fizzled Expectations 207
Chapter Six Black Leaders, White Businesses: Racial Tensions and the Construction of Public-Private Partnerships in Education 209
Business-School Partnerships: The Rallying Cry 212
Some Cautionary Notes 217
Business and School Reform in Black-Led Cities 220
Race As an Inhibiting Factor to Business Involvement 235
Partnerships and Racial Politics in Black-Led Cities 243
Chapter Seven The Role of External Actors 247
Traditional Roles of External Actors 249
Growing Regulatory Assertiveness of External Actors 252
The Changing Role of the Courts 255
Current Issues and Interventions 257
Variations in State Policy 266
Local Capacity and External Actors 271
Chapter Eight School Reform As If Politics and Race Matter 273
Race As a Complicating Factor in the Politics of School Reform 275
Education Policy As If Politics and Race Matter 279
Prospects for a Human Capital Regime 290
Index 293