Philosophical Analysis In the Twentieth Century, Volume 1 (ebook)

Argumento de Philosophical Analysis In the Twentieth Century, Volume 1 (ebook)

This is a major, wide-ranging history of analytic philosophy since 1900, told by one of the tradition's leading contemporary figures. The first volume takes the story from 1900 to mid-century. The second brings the history up to date.

As Scott Soames tells it, the story of analytic philosophy is one of great but uneven progress, with leading thinkers making important advances toward solving the tradition's core problems. Though no broad philosophical position ever achieved lasting dominance, Soames argues that two methodological developments have, over time, remade the philosophical landscape. These are (1) analytic philosophers' hard-won success in understanding, and distinguishing the notions of logical truth, a priori truth, and necessary truth, and (2) gradual acceptance of the idea that philosophical speculation must be grounded in sound prephilosophical thought. Though Soames views this history in a positive light, he also illustrates the difficulties, false starts, and disappointments endured along the way. As he engages with the work of his predecessors and contemporaries--from Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein to Donald Davidson and Saul Kripke--he seeks to highlight their accomplishments while also pinpointing their shortcomings, especially where their perspectives were limited by an incomplete grasp of matters that have now become clear.

Soames himself has been at the center of some of the tradition's most important debates, and throughout writes with exceptional ease about its often complex ideas. His gift for clear exposition makes the history as accessible to advanced undergraduates as it will be important to scholars. Despite its centrality to philosophy in the English-speaking world, the analytic tradition in philosophy has had very few synthetic histories. This will be the benchmark against which all future accounts will be measured.

Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century is a marvelous introduction to analytic philosophy. The two volumes unfold as a series of studies of some of the most important and influential philosophers in the analytic tradition. . . . It is a philosopher's history of analytic philosophy, with a careful and critical assessment of ideas about truth, morality, logic, mind, and meaning."--Alex Byrne and Ned Hall, Boston Review

"A history of analytic philosophy and an excellent piece of analytic philosophy in its own right. We can all benefit from Soames's discussion of the central issues that have shaped the subject and his assessment of what we have achieved and where we might have gone wrong."--Kit Fine, New York University

"This monumental study is a careful assessment of the successes and the failures of twentieth-century analytic philosophy. Soames displays unfailingly sound judgment throughout. The work is invaluable to those of us who have contributed to this period of very recent history of thought, and more importantly, to our students who will build upon the triumphs and will profit from the defeats of ourselves and our predecessors, carrying philosophy forward into the new millennium. The work is also a comprehensive reality check in the face of persistent accusations (coming not only from those who do not understand analytic philosophy, but also from those who remain stuck in its recent failures) that analytic philosophy is a disease or a futile exercise in wheel spinning. Analytic philosophy is, and has always been, a rational quest for knowledge and understanding. Its tools are clarification, argument, and tutored intuition. Soames provides perspective concerning the best of recent philosophical thought, articulating its most important developments, dead ends, and discoveries."--Nathan Salmon, University of California, Santa Barbara

"Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century is a critical examination of key texts and trends in analytic philosophy by one of its leading contemporary practitioners. Soames has applied his formidable forensic talents to highlight the insights and expose the errors of the major figures from Moore to Kripke. These two volumes are an essential resource for any serious student of analytic philosophy."--Alex Byrne, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

"Together these two volumes constitute an outstanding contribution to the field. They present the views and arguments of the major philosophers of the period with unmatched clarity and subject them to deep and critical scrutiny. In my view there is no other work on the history of twentieth-century century analytic philosophy that matches it in its scope, depth, and elegance."--Ali Kazmi, University of Calgary

"This is an extraordinarily impressive piece of work. It will be very valuable to capable, advanced undergraduates, and I expect it to be used widely in graduate courses and discussed frequently by scholars. It provides a substantive vision of how and where real progress has been made by philosophers in the analytic tradition, as well as how and why analytic philosophy sometimes took a step backward. Soames himself is doing cutting-edge work in core areas of analytic philosophy and is thus able to bring a level of philosophical sophistication to his treatment that few have available to them."--John Hawthorne, Rutgers University

Winner of the 2003 Award for Best Professional/Scholarly Book in Philosophy, Association of American Publishers
One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 20040Acknowledgments ix
Introduction to the Two Volumes xi
PART ONE:
G. E. MOORE ON ETHICS, EPISTEMOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS 1
CHAPTER 1
Common Sense and Philosophical Analysis 3
CHAPTER 2
Moore on Skepticism, Perception, and Knowledge 12
CHAPTER 3
Moore on Goodness and the Foundations of Ethics 34
CHAPTER 4
The Legacies and Lost Opportunities of Moore's Ethics 71
Suggested Further Reading 89
PART TWO:
BERTRAND RUSSELL ON LOGICAL AND LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS 91
CHAPTER 5
Logical Form, Grammatical Form, and the Theory of Descriptions 93
CHAPTER 6
Logic and Mathematics: The Logicist Reduction 132
CHAPTER 7
Logical Constructions and the External World 165
CHAPTER 8
Russell's Logical Atomism 182
Suggested Further Reading 194
PART THREE: LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN'S TRACTATUS 195
CHAPTER 9
The Metaphysics of the Tractatus 197
CHAPTER 10
Meaning, Truth, and Logic in the Tractatus 214
CHAPTER 11
The Tractarian Test of Intelligibility and Its Consequences 234
Suggested Further Reading 254
PART FOUR: LOGICAL POSITIVISM, EMOTIVISM, AND ETHICS 255
CHAPTER 12
The Logical Positivists on Necessity and Apriori Knowledge 257
CHAPTER 13
The Rise and Fall of the Empiricist Criterion of Meaning 271
CHAPTER 14
Emotivism and Its Critics 300
CHAPTER 15
Normative Ethics in the Era of Emotivism: The Anticonsequentialism of Sir David Ross 320
Suggested Further Reading 346
PART FIVE: THE POST-POSITIVIST PERSPECTIVE OF THE EARLY W. V. QUINE 349
CHAPTER 16
The Analytic and the Synthetic, the Necessary and the Possible, the Apriori and the Aposteriori 351
CHAPTER 17
Meaning and Holistic Verificationism 378
Suggested Further Reading 406
Index 409