Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (ebook)

PART I

The Field of Pediatrics

1 OVERVIEW OF PEDIATRICS

2 QUALITY AND SAFETY IN HEALTHCARE FOR CHILDREN

3 ETHICS IN PEDIATRIC CARE

4 CULTURAL ISSUES IN PEDIATRIC CARE

5 MAXIMIZING CHILDREN?S HEALTH: ?SCREENING, ANTICIPATORY GUIDANCE, AND COUNSELING

PART II

Growth, Development, and Behavior

6 OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF ?VARIABILITY

7 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: DOMAINS AND THEORIES

8 ASSESSMENT OF FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

9 THE NEWBORN

10 THE FIRST YEAR

11 THE SECOND YEAR

12 THE PRESCHOOL YEARS

13 MIDDLE CHILDHOOD

14 ADOLESCENCE

15 ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH

16 DEVELOPMENTAL-BEHAVIORAL SCREENING AND SURVEILLANCE

17 CHILDCARE: HOW PEDIATRICIANS CAN SUPPORT CHILDREN AND FAMILIES

18 LOSS, SEPARATION, AND BEREAVEMENT

19 SLEEP MEDICINE

PART III

Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders

20 ASSESSMENT AND INTERVIEWING

21 PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

22 SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS

23 RUMINATION AND PICA

24 MOTOR DISORDERS AND HABITS

25 ANXIETY DISORDERS

26 MOOD DISORDERS

27 SUICIDE AND ATTEMPTED SUICIDE

28 EATING DISORDERS

29 DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL, AND CONDUCT DISORDERS

30 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

31 CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSES

PART IV

Learning Disorders

32 NEURODEVELOPMENTAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION IN THE SCHOOL-AGE CHILD

33 ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

34 DYSLEXIA

35 LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

36 INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

PART V

Children with Special Needs

37 ADOPTION

38 FOSTER AND KINSHIP CARE

39 IMPACT OF VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN

40 ABUSED AND NEGLECTED CHILDREN

41 FAILURE TO THRIVE

42 CHRONIC ILLNESS IN CHILDHOOD

43 PEDIATRIC PALLIATIVE CARE

PART VI

Nutrition

44 NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

45 FEEDING HEALTHY INFANTS, CHILDREN, ?AND ADOLESCENTS

46 NUTRITION, FOOD SECURITY, AND HEALTH

47 OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

48 VITAMIN A DEFICIENCIES AND EXCESS

49 VITAMIN B COMPLEX DEFICIENCIES AND EXCESS

50 VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID)

51 RICKETS AND HYPERVITAMINOSIS D

52 VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY

53 VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY

54 MICRONUTRIENT MINERAL DEFICIENCIES

PART VII

Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

55 ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE DISORDERS

56 MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT THERAPY

57 DEFICIT THERAPY

58 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC DISORDERS

PART VIII

Pediatric Drug Therapy

59 PEDIATRIC PHARMACOGENETICS, PHARMACOGENOMICS, AND PHARMACOPROTEOMICS

60 PRINCIPLES OF DRUG THERAPY

61 ANESTHESIA, PERIOPERATIVE CARE, AND SEDATION

62 PEDIATRIC PAIN MANAGEMENT

63 POISONING

64 COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES AND INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE

PART IX

The Acutely Ill Child

65 EVALUATION OF THE SICK CHILD IN THE OFFICE AND CLINIC

66 EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES FOR CHILDREN

67 PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES AND RESUSCITATION

68 NEUROLOGIC EMERGENCIES AND STABILIZATION

69 SYNCOPE

70 SHOCK

71 RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AND FAILURE

72 ACUTE CARE OF THE VICTIM OF MULTIPLE TRAUMA

73 ALTITUDE-ASSOCIATED ILLNESS IN CHILDREN (ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS)

74 DROWNING AND SUBMERSION INJURY

75 BURN INJURIES

76 COLD INJURIES

PART X

Human Genetics

77 INTEGRATION OF GENETICS INTO PEDIATRIC PRACTICE

78 THE GENETIC APPROACH IN PEDIATRIC MEDICINE

79 THE HUMAN GENOME

80 PATTERNS OF GENETIC TRANSMISSION

81 CYTOGENETICS

82 GENETICS OF COMMON DISORDERS

83 GENETIC APPROACHES TO RARE AND UNDIAGNOSED DISEASES

PART XI

Metabolic Disorders

84 AN APPROACH TO INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM

85 DEFECTS IN METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS

86 DEFECTS IN METABOLISM OF LIPIDS

87 DEFECTS IN METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES

88 MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSES

89 DISORDERS OF PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM

90 HUTCHINSON-GILFORD PROGERIA SYNDROME

91 THE PORPHYRIAS

92 HYPOGLYCEMIA

PART XII

The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant

93 OVERVIEW OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY

94 THE NEWBORN INFANT

95 HIGH-RISK PREGNANCIES

96 THE FETUS

97 THE HIGH-RISK INFANT

98 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASES IN THE NEWBORN PERIOD

99 NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

100 DELIVERY ROOM EMERGENCIES

101 RESPIRATORY TRACT DISORDERS

102 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS

103 BLOOD DISORDERS

104 GENITOURINARY SYSTEM

105 THE UMBILICUS

106 METABOLIC DISTURBANCES

107 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

108 DYSMORPHOLOGY

109 INFECTIONS OF THE NEONATAL INFANT

PART XIII

Adolescent Medicine

110 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

111 THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH PROBLEMS

112 DELIVERY OF HEALTHCARE TO ADOLESCENTS

113 VIOLENT BEHAVIOR

114 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

115 THE BREAST

116 MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS

117 CONTRACEPTION

118 ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY

119 ADOLESCENT RAPE

120 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

121 CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME

Immunology

Section 1 EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

122 EVALUATION OF SUSPECTED IMMUNODEFICIENCY

Section 2 THE T-, B-, AND NK-CELL SYSTEMS

123 T LYMPHOCYTES, B LYMPHOCYTES, AND NATURAL KILLER CELLS

124 PRIMARY DEFECTS OF ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

125 PRIMARY DEFECTS OF CELLULAR ? IMMUNITY

126 PRIMARY COMBINED ANTIBODY AND CELLULAR IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

Section 3 THE PHAGOCYTIC SYSTEM

127 NEUTROPHILS

128 MONOCYTES, MACROPHAGES, AND DENDRITIC CELLS

129 EOSINOPHILS

130 DISORDERS OF PHAGOCYTE FUNCTION

131 LEUKOPENIA

132 LEUKOCYTOSIS

Section 4 THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

133 THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

134 DISORDERS OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

Section 5 HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

135 PRINCIPLES AND CLINICAL INDICATIONS OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

136 HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FROM ALTERNATIVE SOURCES AND DONORS

137 GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE, REJECTION, AND VENOOCCLUSIVE DISEASE

138 INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF ?HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

139 LATE EFFECTS OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

PART XV

Allergic Disorders

140 ALLERGY AND THE IMMUNOLOGIC BASIS OF ATOPIC DISEASE

141 DIAGNOSIS OF ALLERGIC DISEASE

142 PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC DISEASE

143 ALLERGIC RHINITIS

144 CHILDHOOD ASTHMA

145 ATOPIC DERMATITIS (ATOPIC ECZEMA)

146 INSECT ALLERGY

147 OCULAR ALLERGIES

148 URTICARIA (HIVES) AND ANGIOEDEMA

149 ANAPHYLAXIS

150 SERUM SICKNESS

151 FOOD ALLERGY AND ADVERSE REACTIONS TO FOODS

152 ADVERSE REACTIONS TO DRUGS

Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood

153 EVALUATION OF SUSPECTED RHEUMATIC DISEASE

154 TREATMENT OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES

155 JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS

156 ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS AND OTHER SPONDYLOARTHRITIDES

157 REACTIVE AND POSTINFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS

158 SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

159 JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS

160 SCLERODERMA AND RAYNAUD PHENOMENON

161 BEHÇET DISEASE

162 SJÖGREN SYNDROME

163 HEREDITARY PERIODIC FEVER SYNDROMES AND OTHER SYSTEMIC AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASES

164 AMYLOIDOSIS

165 SARCOIDOSIS

166 KAWASAKI DISEASE

167 VASCULITIS SYNDROMES

168 MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN SYNDROMES

169 MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ARTHRITIS

PART XVII

Infectious Diseases

Section 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

170 DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY

171 THE MICROBIOME AND PEDIATRIC HEALTH

Section 2 PREVENTIVE MEASURES

172 IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES

173 INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

174 CHILDCARE AND COMMUNICABLE ? DISEASES

175 HEALTH ADVICE FOR CHILDREN TRAVELING INTERNATIONALLY

176 FEVER

177 FEVER WITHOUT A FOCUS

178 INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PERSONS

179 INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH MEDICAL DEVICES

Section 3 ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

180 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY

Section 4 GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

181 STAPHYLOCOCCUS

182 STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE (PNEUMOCOCCUS)

183 GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS

184 GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS

185 NON?GROUP A OR B STREPTOCOCCI

186 ENTEROCOCCUS

187 DIPHTHERIA (CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE)

188 LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

189 ACTINOMYCES

190 NOCARDIA

Section 5 GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

191 NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS (MENINGOCOCCUS)

192 NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE (GONOCOCCUS)

193 KINGELLA KINGAE

194 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

195 CHANCROID (HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI)

196 MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS

197 PERTUSSIS (BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS AND BORDETELLA PARAPERTUSSIS)

198 SALMONELLA

199 SHIGELLA

200 ESCHERICHIA COLI

201 CHOLERA

202 CAMPYLOBACTER

203 YERSINIA

204 AEROMONAS AND PLESIOMONAS

205 PSEUDOMONAS, BURKHOLDERIA, AND STENOTROPHOMONAS

206 TULAREMIA (FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS)

207 BRUCELLA

208 LEGIONELLA

209 BARTONELLA

Section 6 ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

210 BOTULISM (CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM)

211 TETANUS (CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI)

212 CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION

213 OTHER ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS

Section 7 MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS

214 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL THERAPY

215 TUBERCULOSIS (MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS)

216 HANSEN DISEASE (MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE)

217 NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA

Section 8 SPIROCHETAL INFECTIONS

218 SYPHILIS (TREPONEMA PALLIDUM)

219 NONVENEREAL TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS

220 LEPTOSPIRA

221 RELAPSING FEVER (BORRELIA)

222 LYME DISEASE (BORRELIA BURGDORFERI)

Section 9 MYCOPLASMAL INFECTIONS

223 MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE,

224 GENITAL MYCOPLASMAS (MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS, MYCOPLASMA GENITALIUM, AND UREAPLASMA

UREALYTICUM)

Section 10 CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS

225 CHLAMYDIA (CHLAMYDOPHILA) PNEUMONIAE

226 CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS

227 PSITTACOSIS (CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI)

Section 11 RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS

228 SPOTTED FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIOSES

229 SCRUB TYPHUS (ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI)

230 TYPHUS GROUP RICKETTSIOSES,

231 EHRLICHIOSIS AND ANAPLASMOSIS

232 Q FEVER (COXIELLA BURNETII)

Section 12 FUNGAL INFECTIONS

233 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY

234 CANDIDA

235 CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

236 MALASSEZIA

237 ASPERGILLUS

238 HISTOPLASMOSIS (HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM)

239 BLASTOMYCOSIS (BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS)

240 COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS (COCCIDIOIDES SPECIES)

241 PARACOCCIDIOIDES BRASILIENSIS

242 SPOROTRICHOSIS (SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII)

243 ZYGOMYCOSIS (MUCORMYCOSIS)

244 PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI

Section 13 VIRAL INFECTIONS

245 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY

246 MEASLES

247 RUBELLA

248 MUMPS

249 POLIOVIRUSES

250 NONPOLIO ENTEROVIRUSES

251 PARVOVIRUSES

252 HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

253 VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS

254 EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

255 CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

256 ROSEOLA (HUMAN HERPESVIRUSES 6 AND 7)

257 HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8

258 INFLUENZA VIRUSES

259 PARAINFLUENZA VIRUSES

260 RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS

261 HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS

262 ADENOVIRUSES

263 RHINOVIRUSES

264 CORONAVIRUSES

265 ROTAVIRUSES, CALICIVIRUSES, AND ASTROVIRUSES

266 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES

267 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS IN NORTH AMERICA

268 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS OUTSIDE NORTH AMERICA

269 DENGUE FEVER AND DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

270 YELLOW FEVER

271 EBOLA AND OTHER VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS

272 LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS

273 HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME

274 RABIES

275 POLYOMAVIRUSES

276 ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS)

277 HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUSES (1 AND 2)

278 TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES

Section 14 ANTIPARASITIC THERAPY

279 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIPARASITIC THERAPY

Section 15 PROTOZOAN DISEASES

280 PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS

281 AMEBIASIS

282 GIARDIASIS AND BALANTIDIASIS

283 CRYPTOSPORIDIUM, ISOSPORA, CYCLOSPORA, AND MICROSPORIDIA

284 TRICHOMONIASIS (TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS)

285 LEISHMANIASIS (LEISHMANIA)

286 AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (SLEEPING SICKNESS; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI COMPLEX)

287 AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (CHAGAS DISEASE; TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI)

288 MALARIA (PLASMODIUM)

289 BABESIOSIS (BABESIA)

290 TOXOPLASMOSIS (TOXOPLASMA GONDII)

Section 16 HELMINTHIC DISEASES

291 ASCARIASIS (ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES)

292 HOOKWORMS (NECATOR AMERICANUS AND ANCYLOSTOMA SPP.)

293 TRICHURIASIS (TRICHURIS TRICHIURA)

294 ENTEROBIASIS (ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS)

295 STRONGYLOIDIASIS (STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS)

296 LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS (BRUGIA MALAYI, BRUGIA TIMORI, AND WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI), 1739

297 OTHER TISSUE NEMATODES

298 TOXOCARIASIS (VISCERAL AND OCULAR LARVA MIGRANS)

299 TRICHINELLOSIS (TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS)

300 SCHISTOSOMIASIS (SCHISTOSOMA)

301 FLUKES (LIVER, LUNG, AND INTESTINAL)

302 ADULT TAPEWORM INFECTIONS

303 CYSTICERCOSIS

304 ECHINOCOCCOSIS (ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS AND ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS)

VOLUME 2

PART XVIII

The Digestive System

Section 1 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE

305 NORMAL DIGESTIVE TRACT PHENOMENA

306 MAJOR SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF DIGESTIVE TRACT DISORDERS

Section 2 THE ORAL CAVITY

307 DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF THE TEETH

308 DISORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER CONDITIONS

309 MALOCCLUSION

310 CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

311 SYNDROMES WITH ORAL MANIFESTATIONS

312 DENTAL CARIES

313 PERIODONTAL DISEASES

314 DENTAL TRAUMA

315 COMMON LESIONS OF THE ORAL SOFT TISSUES

316 DISEASES OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS AND JAWS

317 DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY IN DENTAL ASSESSMENT

Section 3 THE ESOPHAGUS

318 EMBRYOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND FUNCTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS

319 CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

320 OBSTRUCTING AND MOTILITY DISORDERS OF THE ESOPHAGUS

321 DYSMOTILITY

322 HIATAL HERNIA

323 GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

324 EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS AND NON?GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE ESOPHAGITIS

325 ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION

326 ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

327 INGESTIONS

Section 4 STOMACH AND INTESTINES

328 NORMAL DEVELOPMENT, STRUCTURE, AND FUNCTION

329 PYLORIC STENOSIS AND OTHER CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE STOMACH

330 INTESTINAL ATRESIA, STENOSIS, AND MALROTATION

331 INTESTINAL DUPLICATIONS, MECKEL DIVERTICULUM, AND OTHER REMNANTS OF THE OMPHALOMESENTERIC DUCT

332 MOTILITY DISORDERS AND HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE

333 ILEUS, ADHESIONS, INTUSSUSCEPTION, AND