This Doctoral Thesis, made from the perspective of Human Rights, the gender perspective, the comparative history and the current theory of social movements, investigates the national and international reasons for the creation and implementation of Education for Citizenship and Human Rights in the Spanish educational system during the Government of Rodríguez Zapatero, and the reactions to the same. These reactions are illustrated with the actions that were generated in Castile-La Mancha, Castile and Leon and Madrid (Autonomous communities of diverse political signs and different level of social religiousness). By the same token, it is studied the mobilization of Catholic neoconservative activists encouraged by the ecclesiastical hierarchy and the Popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI, within the framework of the plural confrontation between Church and State lived in Spain in this stage. It underlines that the mobilization against Education for Citizenship and Human Rights has emotional and discursive components together with local and transnational components, these latter provided by the clash between the discourse of international organizations and the secular position of Rodríguez Zapatero with the neo-evangelize discourse of the Holy See supported by the Spanish Episcopal Conference. Discourse, the latter, destined to face up to the advancement of the gender perspective which permeates the UN currently and the progress of laicism in the old bastions of Christianity, such as Spain. It is checked the effective impact that such mobilizing process has produced in Community and national education policies, in the contents of textbooks, in the responses of the public administration to the educational demands on the part of the UN, the Council of Europe and the EU and in short, on the deficit of democratic education given to the citizenship.
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