On April 26, 1986, Unit Four of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor exploded in then Soviet Ukraine. More than 3.5 million people in Ukraine alone, not to mention many citizens of surrounding countries, are still suffering the effects. Life Exposed is the first book to comprehensively examine the vexed political, scientific, and social circumstances that followed the disaster. Tracing the story from an initial lack of disclosure to post-Soviet democratizing attempts to compensate sufferers, Adriana Petryna uses anthropological tools to take us into a world whose social realities are far more immediate and stark than those described by policymakers and scientists. She asks: What happens to politics when state officials fail to inform their fellow citizens of real threats to life? What are the moral and political consequences of remedies available in the wake of technological disasters?
Through extensive research in state institutions, clinics, laboratories, and with affected families and workers of the so-called Zone, Petryna illustrates how the event and its aftermath have not only shaped the course of an independent nation but have made health a negotiated realm of entitlement. She tracks the emergence of a "biological citizenship" in which assaults on health become the coinage through which sufferers stake claims for biomedical resources, social equity, and human rights. Life Exposed provides an anthropological framework for understanding the politics of emergent democracies, the nature of citizenship claims, and everyday forms of survival as they are interwoven with the profound changes that accompanied the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Winner of the 2006 New Millenium Award, Society of Medical Anthropology
Co-Winner of the 2003 Sharon Stephens First Book Prize, American Ethnological Society
"The book presents exceptionally rich anthropological material generated through observations and interviews. . . . The true scope of the human tragedy caused by this man-made catastrophe comes to the fore via biological stories of Petryna's informants."--Larissa Remennick, Journal of the American Medical Association
"An ethnographic triumph. Life Exposed is as powerful an analysis of national technical processes of managing risks as I have ever read. Yet it is also a moving meditation on the aftermath of disaster, including the moral and medical morass faced by those who negotiate its world of disability."--Arthur Kleinman, Harvard University Chapter 1 Life Politics after Chernobyl 1 Chapter 2 Technical Error: Measures of Life and Risk 34 Chapter 3 Chernobyl in Historical Light 63 Chapter 4 Illness as Work: Human Market Transition 82 Chapter 5 Biological Citizenship 115 Chapter 6 Local Science and Organic Processes 149 Chapter 7 Self and Social Identity in Transition 191 Chapter 8 Conclusion 215
Introduction to the 2013 Edition xiii
Acknowledgments xxxiii
Note on Transliteration xxxvii
Notes 221
Bibliography 239
Index 253
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