Global 'body Shopping' (ebook)

Argumento de Global 'body Shopping' (ebook)

"Xiang has produced what may well be the first contribution of a contemporary anthropologist from China to the ethnographic study of global issues. . . . The book is compact, lucid, and jargon-free, making it one of the most accessible ethnographies of how the global migration regime's shift towards temporary skilled labour is changing societies."--Nyíri Pál, Critique of Anthropology

"Bravura ethnographic reportage. Of the many manuscripts and books I have read on anthropological forays into globalization issues, this is the one I would most want my students to have as an exemplar as they plan their research."--George E. Marcus, Rice University, coauthor of Anthropology as Cultural Critique

"This book is a wonderful contribution to the anthropology of transnationalism and the sociology of labor. It is also a really innovative analysis of an important new professional cadre that is of crucial importance to globalization."--Peter van der Veer, Utrecht University, author of Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in Britain and India

"This is the first extended study of body shopping, a global system for training, managing, and circulating skilled labor. In this multisited analysis, Xiang Biao traces the links between Indian kinship and mobile professionals, Indian body shops and Western corporations, and Asian outsourcing and the rise of new entrepreneurs."--Aihwa Ong, University of California, Berkeley, author of Buddha Is Hiding: Refugees, Citizenship, the New America

"[The book is] remarkable for meticulous research, mastery of details and understanding of the structures and processes of the industry. . . . This book must be read--not only by all social scientists, but by all those enthusiastic votaries and skeptical denouncers of IT as India's present and future."--Samita Sen, Global South

Winner of the 2008 Anthony Leeds Prize in Urban Anthropology, Society for Urban, National, and Transnational/Global Anthropology

"[A]n extremely well written-book with mega-doses of anthropology mixed with humour."--Raghunath, Nilanjan, Asian Journal of Social Science

"Xiang Biao's avowed goal at an analysis incorporating ethnography and political economic analysis has long been a requirement for scholars interested in the production and maintenance of transnational work and flexible labor. Global Body Shopping more than lives up to this ideal. . . . I strongly recommend this ethnography as essential reading for scholars interested in questions of globalization, transnationality, and flexible labor."--Mathangi Krishnamurthy, American Ethnologist

"I find the book most instructive in teaching us how political economic analyses sensitive to fine-grained details about the local and everyday life can enrich a global ethnography. What holds the book together is its creative use of socioanthropological methodologies to understand the phenomenon of 'body shopping' peculiar to the information technology (IT) industry. . . . I find his honesty and the unpredictability of his narratives refreshing."--Mark Lawrence Santiago, Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography

"The novelty of this work lies in its attempt to study social groups within the context of the ongoing processes of abstraction and virtualism, as these groups develop strategies to participate in global processes. . . . Xiang's book presents the daily lives, the intricate familial and professional negotiations, calculations and strategies, dreams and speculations through which individual Indians in the finger-labour market survive."--Madhava Prasad, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies

"The book provides an important corrective to analyses that ignore the lower end of the IT labour market. The discussion of how Indian community associations contribute to workers' quiescence is a valuable addition to Saxenian's insights regarding how such community associations in places such as Silicon Valley promote entrepreneurship and innovation. Biao also goes beyond Castells' emphasis on exclusion through the digital divide to show how the more glamorous parts of the IT industry are sustained in part by the flexibility provided by body-shopped labour and the social reproduction taken on by local communities, extended families and governments."--Seán Ó Riain, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research

"Xiang Biao tells the fascinating story of how body shopping brought globalization into the lives of hitherto minimally influenced rural youth and facilitated their movement into the highly volatile global arena of information technology . . . he has created a remarkably clear picture of a complex globally dispersed labor chain. . . . Not only does this innovative book provide a strong foundation for scholars interested in this under-researched global labor system, it is a great resource for teaching political and economic geography as well as courses exploring the various facets of globalization."--Monalisa Gangopadhyay, Political Geography

"[A] sterling exemplar of what anthropology is and can be today. . . . In a world of anthropologists never-ending anxiety over the loss of cultures, the loss of their own ability to explain cultures, and the problem of finding new things to study, Xiang's book offers a way out: it shows how one can study a structure within a larger system and explain both how that structure works and how it illuminates the function of the larger system. The combination of a simple explanation (hard-won through fieldwork) of a complex technical and economic system, with the exploration of its effects on social and personal lives of an extended network of families, villages, and corporations scattered around the globe is what makes this the perfect 'Intro to Cultural Anthropology' book in my estimation."--Christopher Kelty, Savage Minds: Notes and Queries in Anthropology

"Xiang Biao's Global Bodyshopping is an outstanding example of multi-sited ethnography and a timely story of globally mobile workers. . . . [Xiang] Biao must be congratulated for his nuanced approach to the subject."--A. Aneesh, International Review of Modern Sociology

"Xiang Biao's book opens a fascinating window. . . . Although addressing a profoundly complex subject, it is intended to be read by people with little background in India or familiarity with the IT industry. Global 'Body Shopping' is an enjoyable and easy read, while offering a detailed and sophisticated critique of the unchallenged embrace of global capitalism. It deserves a wide readership among those with an interest in globalization studies and will be particularly useful for people desiring to find out more about ethnographic work that is global in scope."--Nanlai Cao, Pacific Journal of Anthropology0List of Illustrations, Tables, Boxes vii
Acronyms ix
Prologue: A Stranger's Adventure xiii
Acknowledgments xxi

Introduction 1

Body Shopping: Brief Overview 4
Ethnicization, Individualization, and Transnationalization 7
Structure of the Book 11
Chapter 1 The Global Niche for Body Shopping 13
"Financial Democracy" and the Virtual Shortage of IT Labor 14
War for IT Talent and Wall of Regulation 19

Chapter 2: Producing "IT People" in Andhra 24

"D-Shops" and "T-Shops" 26
"Have Lands in Andhra, Have a House in Hyderabad, and Have a Job in America" 30
Producing IT People as a Family Business 34

Chapter 3: Selling "Bodies" and Selling Jobs 39

Fee-Paying Workers and Body Shops in Hyderabad 43
India as the Nexus of Global Body Shopping 48

Chapter 4: Business of "Branded Labor" in Sydney 53

"Marketing and Development Are Totally Different Stories" 57
"Only Indians Can Handle Indians" 59
Overlapping Businesses 62
Same Roof, Different Hats 65

Chapter 5: Agent Chains and Benching 70

Differentiated Circles 75
"Indians Are the Most Dangerous Ones!" 77
Overbooking Seats on the Bench 80

Chapter 6: Compliant Bodies? 82

Interlocks between Body Shops and Community Associations 86
Workers as Intermediaries 90
Relations among Workers: Support Yes, Solidarity No 92
The Way Out 97

Chapter 7: The World System of Body Shopping 100

The United States of America: "Mecca for IT People" 102
Global Gateways: Singapore, Malaysia, and the Middle East 104
U.S. Satellites: The Caribbean and Latin America 107
New Frontiers: "Sind Sie Inder?" and "Is There a German Dream?" 108
Ending Remarks The "Indian Triangle" in the Global IT Industry 110

Appendix: Essay The Remembered Fieldwork Sites: Impressions and Images 117
Biographical Index of Informants 129
Notes 149
References 167
Index 173