1. Historical evolution
PART II: Navigation
1. The concept of air navigation
Determining the position of an aircraft
2. Air navigation methods
Autonomous navigation methods
Assisted navigation methods
The flight rules
The purpose of the charts
3. Structure of airspace
The control of the sky
Flight information regions
Controlled airspace
Airspace reserves
Airspace representation
4. Phases and procedures
Rising phase (climb)
Cruising phase (en route)
Descent phase (arrival)
Approach and landing phases
PART III: Cartography
1. General concepts of cartography
Representation of the Earth
Geographic coordinate system
Distances and scales
Cartographic projections
Choice of projections in air navigation
Elements making up a chart
2. Aeronautical charts
Normalisation of aeronautical charts
Needs and requirements
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
Charts published in the AIP of Spain
PART IV: Interpretation
1. Cartographic symbolisation
Simplification and symbolisation
Typology of conventional symbols
2. Guidelines for chart interpretation
Visual flight charts
Instrument flight charts
PART V: Methodology
1. Use of cartography in a visual flight
Charts for observation flights
Selection of verification points
Securing headings, distances and arrival time calculation
In-flight: map reading and orientation
2. Use of cartography in an instrument flight
Flight phases, needed charts and flight plan
Introduction to the flight
Taxi and take-off procedure
Standard Instrument Departure (SID) execution
Cruising (en route) phase execution
Descent (arrival) phase execution
Approach and landing phases execution
Taxi procedure and docking
PART VI: Formats
1.Geographic information use setting
Cockpit
2. Information provision formats
Paper charts
Navigation displays
Electronic cartography
PART VII: The future
1. The cartography of tomorrow
Aeronautical data infraestructures
The e-paper and the augmented reality
In the year 2100