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Critical Care Secrets E-book (ebook)

Autor:Polly E. Parsons, Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish;
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ISBN: EB9780323091251
Mosby nos ofrece Critical Care Secrets E-book (ebook) en inglés, disponible en nuestra tienda desde el 06 de Septiembre del 2012.
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This best-selling volume in The Secrets Series® is back in an exciting, fully updated 4th Edition! You'll find all of the features you rely on the Secrets for?such as a question-and-answer format · bulleted lists · mnemonics · "Key Points" boxes · and tips from the authors.

  • Equips you with the evidence-based guidance you need to provide optima care for the critically ill.
  • Expedites reference and review with a question-and-answer format, bulleted lists, mnemonics, and practical tips from the authors.
  • Features a two-color page layout, "Key Points" boxes, and lists of useful web sites to enhance your reference power.
  • Presents a chapter containing "Top Secrets", providing you with an overview of essential material for last-minute study or self-assessment
  • Provides coverage of the principles of gas and fluid flow · pulmonary mechanics · and electronic circuitry.
  • Discusses protocols and guidelines.
  • Offers effective solutions to patients' medical and ethical problems from a wide range of specialists such as pulmonologists · surgeons · anesthesiologists · psychiatrists · pharmacists · and infectious disease experts.
0CONTENTS

Top 100 Secrets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

I. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

1. General Approach to the Critically Ill Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Manuel Pardo, Jr., MD, and Michael A. Gropper, MD, PhD

2. General Approach to Trauma Patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Peter J. Fagenholz, MD, and Hasan B. Alam, MD, FACS

3. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

David Shimabukuro, MDCM

4. Assessments of Oxygenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Asheesh Kumar, MD, Michael E. Canham, MD, and Ulrich H. Schmidt, MD, PhD

5. Pulse Oximetry, Capnography, and Blood Gas Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Philip E. Bickler, MD, PhD

6. Hemodynamic Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Daniel Saddawi-Konefka, MD, MBA, and Jonathan E. Charnin, MD

7. Fluid Therapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Elizabeth Cox, MD, and Keith Baker, MD, PhD

8. Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Renee D. Stapleton, MD, PhD

9. Mechanical and Noninvasive Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Manuel Pardo, Jr., MD

10. Discontinuation of Mechanical Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Theodore W. Marcy, MD, MPH, and Jenny L. Martino, MD, MSPH

II. PROCEDURES

11. Arterial and Central Venous Catheters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Hovig V. Chitilian, MD

12. Ultrasound in the Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Daniel W. Johnson, MD

13. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Michael G. Fitzsimons, MD, FCCP, and Michael N. Andrawes, MD

xi14. Tracheal Intubation and Airway Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Manuel Pardo, Jr., MD

15. Tracheotomy and Upper Airway Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

John E. Heffner, MD

16. Chest Tubes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Gwendolyn M. van der Wilden, MSc, and David R. King, MD, FACS

17. Bronchoscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Amy E. Morris, MD, and Lynn M. Schnapp, MD

18. Pacemakers and Defibrillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Scott C. Streckenbach, MD, and Kenneth Shelton, MD

19. Circulatory Assist Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Joseph L. Weidman, MD, Michael N. Andrawes, MD, and Michael G. Fitzsimons, MD, FCCP

III. PULMONARY MEDICINE

20. Acute Bacterial Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Kenneth Shelton, MD, Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish, MD, and Aranya Bagchi, MBBS

21. Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Ali Al-Alwan, MD, Gilman B. Allen, MD, and David A. Kaminsky, MD

22. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Anne E. Dixon, MA, BM, BCh

23. Cor Pulmonale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Luca M. Bigatello, MD, and Kay B. Leissner, MD, PhD

24. Acute Respiratory Failure, Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory

Distress Syndrome, and Acute Chest Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Prema R. Menon, MD, and Gilman B. Allen, MD

25. Hemoptysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Michael E. Hanley, MD

26. Venous Thromboembolism and Fat Embolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Madison Macht, MD, and Marc Moss, MD

IV. CARDIOLOGY

27. Heart Failure and Valvular Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Martin M. LeWinter, MD, and Neil Agrawal, MD

28. Acute Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Cameron Donaldson, MD, and Harold L. Dauerman, MD

29. Dysrhythmias and Tachyarrhythmias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Pierre Znojkiewicz, MD, and Peter S. Spector, MD

30. Aortic Dissection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Asheesh Kumar, MD, and Rae M. Allain, MD

31. Pericardial Disease (Pericarditis and Pericardial Tamponade). . . . . . . . . . 212

Stuart F. Sidlow, MD, and C. William Hanson, III, MD

V. INFECTIOUS DISEASE

32. Sepsis, Severe Sepsis, and Septic Shock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

David Shimabukuro, MDCM, Richard H. Savel, MD, FCCM, and Michael A. Gropper, MD, PhD

33. Endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Louis B. Polish, MD

34. Meningitis and Encephalitis in the Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Cindy Noyes, MD, and Christopher D. Huston, MD

35. Disseminated Fungal Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Themistoklis Kourkoumpetis, MD, and Eleftherios E. Mylonakis, MD, PhD, FIDSA

36. Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Christopher Grace, MD, FACP

37. Bioterrorism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Sarah Mooney, MBBCh, MRCP, and Christopher Grace, MD, FACP

38. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Erica S. Shenoy, MD, PhD, and David C. Hooper, MD

39. Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Christopher Grace, MD, FACP

40. Immunocompromised Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Kristen K. Pierce, MD

VI. RENAL DISEASE

41. Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Stuart L. Linas, MD, and Shailendra Sharma, MD

42. Acute Renal Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Dinkar Kaw, MD, and Joseph I. Shapiro, MD

43. Renal Replacement Therapy and Rhabdomyolysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Brad W. Butcher, MD, and Kathleen D. Liu, MD, PhD, MAS

44. Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Stuart L. Linas, MD, and Shailendra Sharma, MD

45. Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Brad W. Butcher, MD, and Kathleen D. Liu, MD, PhD, MAS

VII. GASTROENTEROLOGY

46. Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Critically Ill Patient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

George Kasotakis, MD, and George C. Velmahos, MD, PhD, MSEd

47. Acute Pancreatitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Neeraj K. Sardana, MD, Jon (Kai) Yamaguchi, MD, FACS,

and David W. McFadden, MD, FACS

48. Hepatitis and Cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Zechariah S. Gardner, MD, and Jaina Clough, MD

49. Acute Abdomen and Peritonitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

William E. Charash, MD, PhD, and Sarah Pesek, MD

VIII. ENDOCRINOLOGY

50. Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State. . . . . . . . . 359

Joel J. Schnure, MD, and Jack L. Leahy, MD

51. Management of Hyperglycemia in the Critically Ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Matthew P. Gilbert, DO, MPH, and Alison Schneider, MD

52. Adrenal Insufficiency in the Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Michael Young, MD

53. Thyroid Disease in the Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Annis Marney, MD, MSCI

IX. HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY

54. Blood Products and Coagulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

George Kasotakis, MD, and Hasan B. Alam, MD, FACS

55. Thrombocytopenia and Platelets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

Chad T. Wilson, MD, MPH, and Hasan B. Alam, MD, FACS

56. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Pavan K. Bendapudi, MD, and David J. Kuter, MD, DPhil

57. Oncologic Emergencies (Including Hypercalcemia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Marie E. Wood, MD

X. RHEUMATOLOGY

58. Rheumatologic Disease in the Intensive Care Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Lynda S. Tilluckdharry, MB, BCh, BAO, LRCP&SI, and Christine Haas Jones, MD

XI. NEUROLOGY

59. Coma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Ala Nozari, MD, PhD, Corey R. Fehnel, MD, and Lee H. Schwamm, MD, FAHA

60. Brain Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Corey R. Fehnel, MD, Ala Nozari, MD, PhD, and Lee H. Schwamm, MD, FAHA

61. Status Epilepticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Ala Nozari, MD, PhD, Corey R. Fehnel, MD, and Lee H. Schwamm, MD, FAHA

62. Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Corey R. Fehnel, MD, Ala Nozari, MD, PhD, and Lee H. Schwamm, MD, FAHA

63. Guillain-Barre? Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Ala Nozari, MD, PhD, Corey R. Fehnel, MD, and Lee H. Schwamm, MD, FAHA

64. Myasthenia Gravis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Corey R. Fehnel, MD, Ala Nozari, MD, PhD, and Lee H. Schwamm, MD, FAHA

65. Alcohol Withdrawal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Bruce A. Crookes, MD, FACS, and William Peery, MD

XII. SURGERY AND TRAUMA

66. Burns and Frostbite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Shawn P. Fagan, MD, and Jeremy Goverman, MD, FACS

67. Pneumothorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Madison Macht, MD, and Michael E. Hanley, MD

68. Flail Chest and Pulmonary Contusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Susan R. Wilcox, MD, and Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD

69. Cardiac Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

Ali Y. Mejaddam, MD, and Marc A. DeMoya, MD

XIII. PERIOPERATIVE CARE

70. Liver and Heart Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Claus U. Niemann, MD, and Abbas Ardehali, MD, FACS

XIV. SEDATION AND PAIN MANAGEMENT

71. Use of Paralytic Agents in the Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

David W. Miller, MD, and Jean-Franc?ois Pittet, MD

72. Pain Management in the Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

Philip McArdle, MB, BCh, BAO, FFARCSI, and Jean-Franc?ois Pittet, MD

73. Sedation and Delirium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Pratik Pandharipande, MBBS, MSCI, and Arna Banerjee, MD

XV. EMERGENCY MEDICINE

74. Disaster Medicine: Impact on Critical Care Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

John R. Benjamin, MD, MSc, and Edward E. George, MD, PhD

75. Allergy and Anaphylaxis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

Susan A. Vassallo, MD

76. Hypothermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

Peter J. Fagenholz, MD, and Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD

77. Heat Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

William J. Benedetto, MD

XVI. TOXICOLOGY

78. General Toxicology and Toxidromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

Aaron B. Skolnik, MD, and Susan R. Wilcox, MD

79. Analgesics and Antidepressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Aaron B. Skolnik, MD, and Susan R. Wilcox, MD

80. Toxic Alcohol Poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

Aaron B. Skolnik, MD, and Susan R. Wilcox, MD

81. Poisoning by Cardiovascular Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

Aaron B. Skolnik, MD, and Susan R. Wilcox, MD

82. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

Jennifer M. Hall, DO, and James L. Jacobson, MD

XVII. OBSTETRICS

83. Care of the Critically Ill Pregnant Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

Stephen E. Lapinsky, MBBCh, MSc, FRCPC

XVIII. ETHICS

84. Ethics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

Alexandra F.M. Cist, MD

85. Palliative Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

Ursula McVeigh, MD, and Allan Ramsay, MD

86. Organ Donation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588

Benjamin T. Suratt, MD, and Kapil Patel, MD

XIX. ADMINISTRATION

87. Intensive Care Unit Organization, Management, and Value . . . . . . . . . . . . 593

Daniel Yagoda, MPH, Ulrich H. Schmidt, MD, PhD, and J. Perren Cobb, MD

88. Quality Assurance and Patient Safety in the Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . 598

Nitin Puri, MD, FACP, Antoinette Spevetz, MD, FCCM, FACP, and

Carolyn E. Bekes, MD, MHA, FCCM

89. Scoring Systems for Comparison of Disease Severity in Intensive

Care Unit Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

Benoit Misset, MD, and Islem Ouanes, MD

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