Applications of Modern Physics In Medicine (ebook)

Argumento de Applications of Modern Physics In Medicine (ebook)

"Applications of Modern Physics in Medicine fills an important need: it explains the physics principals behind commonly used medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to scientists, engineers, and technicians working in the field. The necessary basic physics is discussed clearly and simply in early chapters and then used effectively and convincingly in later chapters covering medical applications. This lovely book should lead to the creation of new physics courses all over the world."--Gerald Miller, University of Washington

"With a refreshing and accessible style, this textbook grounds medical physics in familiar physical principles, making it useful for undergraduate physics teaching. This book will have a place in a wide range of biomedical science courses and medical physics undergraduate modules, and as supplementary reading for medical doctors, radiographers, and other health professionals." --Mike Partridge, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford

"Bridging the gap between the fundamental concepts of modern physics and medical technology in modern medicine, this book encompasses large numbers of topics from X-rays and gamma rays to lasers, MRI, ultrasound, and therapeutic applications of modern physics technologies. It will serve as a good introductory text to students in biomedical engineering, medical physics, health physics, and biophysics."--Terry T. Yoshizumi, Duke University School of Medicine

Mark Strikman is Distinguished Professor of Physics at Pennsylvania State University. Kevork Spartalian is Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Vermont. Milton W. Cole is Distinguished Professor of Physics at Pennsylvania State University.0Preface and Guide to Using This Book xi
Technical Abbreviations xv
Timeline of Seminal Discoveries in Modern Physics xvii
Timeline of Discoveries and Inventions in Modern Medical Physics xix
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 The Meaning of the Term Modern Physics 5
1.3 Mortality 6
1.4 How to Use This Book 7
Exercises 8
Chapter 2 When You Visit Your Doctor: The Physics of the ?Vital Signs?
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Stethoscope 11
2.3 Sphygmomanometer and Blood Pressure 12
2.4 Electrocardiogram 15
2.5 Physics and Physiology of Diet, Exercise, and Weight 17
Exercises 21
Chapter 3 Particles, Waves, and the Laws that Govern Them
3.1 What Is Modern Physics? 22
3.2 Light: Particle or Wave? 25
3.3 Atoms 30
3.4 Lasers 41
3.5 Relativity 45
3.6 Nuclei 53
3.7 X-Rays and Radioactivity 63
Exercises 80
Chapter 4 Photon and Charged-Particle Interactions with a Medium
4.1 Overview 84
4.2 Mean Free Path and Cross Sections 85
4.3 Photon Interactions 87
4.4 Electron and Positron Interactions 98
Exercises 104
Chapter 5 Interactions of Radiation with Living Tissue
5.1 Introduction 107
5.2 Cell Death Due to DNA Radiation Damage 108
5.3 Dependence of Cell Survival on the Dose 112
5.4 Low Doses of Radiation 116
5.5 Radiation Dose versus Altitude 119
Exercises 121
Chapter 6 Diagnostic Applications I: Photons and Radionuclides
6.1 Overview 122
6.2 Photons 122
6.3 X-Rays and Gamma Rays 133
6.4 Radionuclides 156
6.5 Novel Ideas for Nuclear Imaging 166
Exercises 168
Chapter 7 Diagnostic Applications II: MRI and Ultrasound
7.1 Overview 171
7.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 172
7.3 Ultrasound 199
7.4 Multimodal Imaging 220
Exercises 224
Chapter 8 Applications in Treatment
8.1 Overview 226
8.2 Treatment with Radiation 226
8.3 Treatment with Particles 233
8.4 Treatment with Ultrasound 239
8.5 Treatment with Microwaves 244
8.6 Treatment with Lasers 244
Exercises 246
Appendix A Constants, Powers of 10, and Conversions Mentioned in the Text
Fundamental Constants 247
Powers of 10 and Their Prefixes 247
Conversion Factors and Equations 248
Appendix B Mortality Modeling 251
Appendix C Evaluation of the Sound Field from One Transducer
Far-field (Fraunhofer) Region 255
Near-field (Fresnel) Region 257
Notes 261
Index 267